Yom Kippur, or the Day of Atonement, is a major Jewish holy day observed on the tenth of Tishrei in the Hebrew calendar. It is associated with fasting, prayer, repentance, and seeking forgiveness, and it concludes the High Holy Days period for many Jewish communities.
When is Yom Kippur observed?
Yom Kippur follows Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish New Year, and is commonly the final major observance of the High Holy Days. It falls on the tenth day of Tishrei, usually in September or October. The Jewish calendar counts a day from sunset to sunset, so the holiday begins at sunset on the evening before the tenth day and ends at nightfall at its close.
Many communities observe the days between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur with special prayers for repentance. These services and prayers are often called selichot, though their form and schedule vary among congregations.
What does Yom Kippur mean?
The name means “Day of Atonement.” In Jewish thought, the day gives individuals and communities time to examine their actions, express regret, and pray for forgiveness. It is associated with fasting, but also includes prayer, readings, and reflection on religious and ethical responsibilities.
Jewish teachings commonly emphasize that atonement involves turning toward God and repairing relationships with other people. Apology, restitution when possible, and changed conduct are important themes alongside prayer.
What happens at Yom Kippur services?
Services vary by congregation, but commonly include prayers for forgiveness, readings from Jewish scripture, and a sermon or teaching. Many congregations hold special prayer services before Yom Kippur, often called selichot. The Jewish holidays guide gives background on the calendar and surrounding observances.
A service may last several hours, beginning on the preceding evening and continuing through the daytime and nightfall, depending on local custom. Some communities also offer opportunities for personal prayer and reflection.
How do Jewish communities observe it differently?
Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, and Reconstructionist congregations, along with communities that follow other Jewish customs, may differ in service length, music, language, and ritual practice. The traditional fast runs from sunset before Yom Kippur until nightfall at the end of the tenth day; people who cannot fast may observe according to guidance from their rabbi or community.
Some services include extended silent prayer, while others give more attention to translation or explanation. The holiday's central themes remain shared even when these customs differ.
What should a first-time visitor expect?
Plan to arrive early, because services may begin before sunset and continue through the day. Many participants observe the fast, and food and drink are generally not brought into or consumed in the service; follow the congregation's guidance. Phones are usually silenced, and visitors should dress in a manner respectful of the congregation. Some congregations provide English translations or explanatory materials, and guests may be welcome to observe without taking part in every prayer.
Before attending, contact the synagogue for the schedule, accessibility information, and visitor rules. To find a local congregation, the Jewish houses of worship directory can help you identify synagogues and community settings.